Vol. 11 · pages 131–135

112 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES II the Brahma world and appeared before the Buddha. And arranging his upper robe on one shoulder he bent down and with clasped hands said : “Thou art no longer Siddharth Gautama. Thou art Buddha. Thou art the Blessed One who is blessed with the fullest enlightenment. Thou art the Tathagatha. How canst thou refuse to enlighten the world ? How canst thou refuse to save erring humanity? 11. “There are beings full of impurity that are falling away through not hearing the doctrine. 12. “As the Lord knows,” proceeded Brahma Sahampati, “Among the Magadhas arose in ancient times, doctrine impure, with many blemishes devised. 13. “Will not the Lord open for them the door of his immortal doctrine ? 14. “As one upon a rocky mountain standing, beholdeth all the people round about him even thus, O thou, with wisdom distilled, ascending all, behold, look down, thou griefless one, upon those plunged in their griefs. 15. “Rise up, O hero, victor in battle, O caravanleader, free from the debt of birth, go to the world and not turn away from it. 16. “May the Lord in his compassion design to teach his gospel to men and to gods.” 17. “O Brahma, Eminent and Excellent among men, if I did not give public utterance to my gospel, it is because I perceived vexation,” was the reply of the Buddha. 18. Knowing that there was so much unhappiness in the world the Buddha realized that it was wrong for him to sit as a sanyasi with folded arms and allow things to remain as they were. 19. Asceticism he found to be useless. It was vain to attempt to escape from the world. There is no escape from the world even for an ascetic. He realized that what is necessary is not escape from the world. What is necessary is to change the world and to make it better. 20. He realized that he left the world because there was so much conflict resulting in misery and

113 BUDDHA AND HIS VISHAD YOGA II unhappiness and for which he knew no remedy. If he can banish misery and unhappiness from the world by the propagation of his doctrine, it was his duty to return to the world and serve it and not sit silent as the personification of inactive impassivity. 21. The Buddha therefore agreed to the request of Brahma Sahampati and decided to preach his doctrine to the world. § 2. Proclamation of Good News by Brahma Sahampati 1. Then, Brahma Sahampati, thinking, “I have been instrumental in persuading the Buddha to agree to preach his doctrine to the masses,” felt extremely happy. He saluted the Buddha, went round him passing to the right, took a look and departed. 2. On his way back he kept on proclaiming to the world : “Rejoice at the glad tidings. The Buddha, our Lord, has found the root of all evil and unhappiness in the world. He knows the way out. 3. “The Buddha will bring comfort to the weary and sorrow-laden. He will give peace to those stricken by war. He will give courage to those who are broken in heart. He will give to those who are suppressed and oppressed, faith and hope. 4. “Ye that suffer from the tribulations of life, ye that have to struggle and endure, ye that yearn for justice, rejoice at the glad tidings. 5. “Heal your wounds, ye that are wounded. Eat your fill, ye that are hungry. Rest, ye that are weary, and quench your thirst, ye that are thirsty. Seek the light, ye that are in darkness. Be of good cheer, ye that are forlorn. 6. “In his doctrine there is love to create a longing to own those who are disowned or unowned : to the degraded there is the ennoblement ever present to raise them : to the disinherited and the downtrodden there is equality blazing forth their path to advancement.

114 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES II 7. “His doctrine is the doctrine of righteousness and his aim is to establish the kingdom of righteousness on earth. 8. “His doctrine is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. 9. “Blessed is the Buddha for his is the path of reason and his is the way of emancipation from superstition. Blessed is the Buddha who teaches the middle way. Blessed is the Buddha who teaches the law of righteousness. Blessed is the Buddha who teaches the peace of Nibbana. Blessed is the Buddha who preaches love, kindness and fellowship to help fellow beings to obtain salvation.” § 3. Two Types of Conversion 1. In the Buddha’s scheme of things conversion has two meanings. 2. Conversion to the Order of Bhikkus called Sangh. 3. Secondly, it means conversion of a householder as an Upasaka or lay follower of the Buddha’s Dhamma. 4. Except on four points there is no difference in the way of life of the Bhikku and the Upasaka. 5. An Upasaka remains a householder. A Bhikku becomes a homeless wanderer. 6. Both the Upasakas and the Bhikkus must observe in their life certain rules. 7. Here again to the Bhikku they are vows the breach of which ends in punishment. To the Upasaka they are precepts. They must be observed to the best of his ability. 8. An Upasaka can have property. A Bhikku cannot have. 9. To become an Upasaka there is no ceremony. 10. To become a Bhikku he must undergo a ceremony called Upasampada. 11. The Buddha converted those who came to him according to their wish either as Bhikku or as Upasaka.

115 BUDDHA AND HIS VISHAD YOGA II 12. An Upasaka could become a Bhikku whenever he felt like it. 13. And a Bhikku had to cease to be a Bhikku when he committed a breach of the major vows or whenever he wished to give up his membership of the Order. 14. It must not be understood that the Buddha converted only those whose names occur in the following pages. 15. The instances are chosen only to show that he did not observe any distinction as to caste or sex in admitting persons to his Sangh or preaching his Dhamma.