Vol. 5 · pages 491–495

476 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES The second reason is that the Indian Christian is a disjointed—it is a better word than the word disunited—Community. All that it has in common is a common source of inspiration. Barring this one thing which they have in common everything else tends to keep them apart. Indian Christians like all other Indians are divided by race, by language and by caste. Their religion has not been a sufficiently strong unifying force as to make difference of language, race and caste as though they were mere distinctions. On the contrary their religion which is their only cement is infected with denominational differences. The result is that the Indian Christians are too disjointed to have a common aim, to have a common mind and to put a common endeavour. To an Indian Christian from Tamil, a Hindu from Tamil is much nearer than an Indian Christian from the Punjab; An Indian Christian from U.P. feels greater kinship for a Hindu from U.P. than he does for an Indian Christian from say Maharashtra. In short, the term Indian Christian is just a statistical phrase. There is no community feeling behind this phrase. Indian Christians are not bound together by what is consciousness of kind which is the test of the existence of a community. I do not know what Indian Christians will think of what I have said of the weaknesses which infect their life. One thing I can say. It is this—I am deeply interested in Indian Christians because a large majority of them are drawn from the untouchable classes. My comments are those of a friend. They are not the strictures of an adversary. I have drawn attention to their weaknesses because I want them to be strong and I want them to be strong because I see great dangers for them ahead. They have to reckon with the scarcely veiled hostility of Mr. Gandhi to Christianity taking its roots in the Indian Social structure. But they have also to reckon with militant Hinduism masquerading as Indian Nationalism. What this militant Hinduism will do to Christians and Christianity can be seen from what happened at Brindaban very recently. If newspaper reports are true 1 a crowd of mild Hinduism quietly went and burned down the Mission buildings in Brindaban and warned the missionary that if he rebuilt it they would come and burn it down again?! This may be the solitary instance of misguided patriots or this may be just a piece of what the Hindus are planning to get rid of Christians and Christianity. If it is the shadow of events to come then Indian Christians must be prepared to meet them. How can they do that except by removing the weaknesses I have referred to? Let all Indian Christians ponder. zz 1.Indian witness.

BIBLIOGRAPHY The books, journals, reports and newspapers listed here include the works cited by the author in this volume. The details about the publisher, year of publication etc. have been searched out from the Asiatic and the Bombay University library about some authors. Details of the remaining authors could not be traced —Vasant Moon. Dubois, Abbe : Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1897. Ambedkar, Dr. B. R. : Annihilation of Caste —1936. What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables, Thacker and Co. Bombay, 1945. Andrews, C. F. : The basis of Inter-Religious Fellowship in ‘The young men of India, Burmah and Ceylon’; June 1928, Vol. XI, No. 6. Christ and Labour. Baden Powell : A Mannual of the Land Revenue Systems and land tenures af British India, Calcutta, Government Press, 1882. Barrow, R. H. : Slavery in the Roman Empire. Bolton : Gandhi in London ; Asia, New York, February, 1932. Bryce, James : The Holy Roman Empire, London, Macmillan, 1913. Bunsen, E. D. : Mahomed’s place in the Church, Asiatic Quarterly Review, April 1889. Crawley : Tree of Life. Durkheim, Prof. : Elementary forms of the Religious life, London, George Allan and Unwin Ltd. 1915. Elwood, Prof. Charles A. : The Religious reconstruction, Society in its psychological aspects, 1913 Encyclopaedia Britanica, 11th Ed. Vol. XXVI. Goulding, Louis : The Jewish Problem, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1938. Grote, George : Plato and the other companions of Socrates, 4 Vols, London, 1888.

Hallam, Henry : View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, 9th Ed. 2 Vols., London, 1848. Johnson, Charles C. : The Negro in American Civilization. Jolly, Prof. : Ausbreitung Der Indischen Fultur. Kane P. V. : History of Dharma Shastra, Kaye, Mr. : Christianity in India. Krishnammachariar, Mr M. : History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, Madras, Tirumalai-Tirupti Devsthanam Press, 1937. Marshman J. C. : Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward, 2 Vols. 1859. Mayhew : Christianity and the Government of India, London, Longmans. 1938. Max Muller : On effects of Religion with Sacred Books Introduction to the Science of Religion, London 1873. McDougall William : Introduction to Social Psychology ed. 26, London, Methuen &Co. 1945. Muir, J. : Original Sanskrit Texts, 5 Vols. London, Trubner & Co. 1873. Negro Year Book : 1931-32. Niebuhr, Reinhold Prof. : Moral Man and Immoral Society, a study in ethies and politics New York, Charles Ser bner’s Sons 1932. Ogilvie, Dr. J. N. : Apostles of India, London Baird Lectures, 1915. Paton H. J. : The Goodwill, London, The Library of Philosophy, 1927. Pattabhi Sitaramayya : History of the Indian National Congress, Madras, Working Committee of the Congress, 1935. Seignobos, Charles : History of Ancient Civilization, London, 1937. Sleeman, Sir W. H. : Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official, 2 Vols. London 1915. Smith, Mr. George : The Conversion of India, 1893 Smith, Robertson : The Religion of the Semites. Strange, Sir Thomas : Treatise on Hindu Law, 2 Vols. Allen and Co., Lodnon, 1830. Thorndyke, Prof. Edward L. : Comparative Psychology, 1934. Thurston : Tribes and Castes of Southern India, 7 Vols. Madras, Government Press, 1909. Tawney R. H. : We mean freedom in what labour can do ? London. Winslow Mr. : On Christianity in India. (ii)

(iii) Scriptures : Manu Smriti, Katyayan Smriti, Narada Smriti, Mahabharat, Ramayan, Vishnu Puran, Harivamsha, Koran, Bible. Journals : Adi Hindu of Lucknow, Arya Gazette of Lahor, Afzal, Bombay Samachar, Bharat Jyoti, Bombay Chronicle, Civil and Military Gazette of Lahore, The Congress of Delhi, Edimborough Review, Free Press Journal, Harijan, Hindu, Hindustan Times, Indian News Chronicle, The Independent of Allahabad, Jeewan, Milap, National Herald, Nation, Pratap, Prakash, Savadhan, Satyasamvad of Lahore, Samata from Bombay, Sangram, Statesman, Sunday Times, Tej of Delhi, Times of India, Young India. Census Reports of 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1951. Reports Report of Simon Commission. Report of the Southborough Committee. Report of the Indian Franchise Committee. Report of the Indian Round Table Conferences. Report of the Tamilnad Harijan Sevak Sangh for the year ending 30-9-1937. U.P. Municipal Act II, 1916. Madras—II Criminal Law Journal. Madras Legislative Assembly Debates. Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. Indian Penal Code—Draft—Address by Law Commissioner to the Secretary of State. Krishna District Manual. Starte : Report on the grievances of the Depressed Classes and Aboriginal Tribes, 1929. zzz

Abbas Tyabji : 290 Abe Dubois : 255-56, 430 Abhidharma : 186 Aboriginal Tribes : 138, 242 Achhut Udharak, Committee, Punjab : 38 Adam : 473 Adharma : 273, 280 Adi Dravida; 30, 279-80, 419 Adi Parva : 207 Adityas : 178 Adult franchise : 310 African Negroes : 81, 86 Aga Khan, H.H. : 323-24 Agastya : 198 Agres : 154 Agni : 177-78, 198, 204 Ainapure Shastri : 169 Aiyer, Kuppuswami : 28 Alberuni : 147, 156, Albuquerque : 460 Alexandria : 428-29, 442 Ali, Maulana Mahomed : 447 Alleppey Coir Factories : 394 Alliapascous : 135 Alsace : 4 Ambarisha,(sage) : 204-05. Ambedkar, Dr. B.R. : 52, 140, 293, 313, 316-17, 324-26, 352-53, 390. American Colonies : 83 American Negro slave : 14 Americans : 97-99, 260, 356, 369, 427 Andhra Brahmins : 212 Andichya Brahmins : 213 Andrews, Charles F : 300, 445 Anglican Church : 429 Anglo-Indians : 314, 325-26, 432 Animistic Religion : 181 Ansari, Dr. : 302, 306 Anthony Johnson : 83 Antigna : 87 Antioch : 429, 441 Anti-Untouchability League : 363, 367, 369-71. Antyaja : 38-39, 147 Antyevasins : 100 Apapatras : 74, 90 Apostle Thomas : 435 Apoursheya : 181 Ara Maxima : 92 Archdeacon : 436-38 Aristides : 442 Aristocracy : 182 Aristotalian Logic : 307 Aristotle : 424, 442 Army, Indian : 108 Artemon : 442 Arundhatyas : 419 Aryans : 73-74, 90, 277, 306 Arya Samajists : 45, 300 Asuras : 178 Atheistic Religion : 181 Athenian Philosopher : 442 Athens, Georgia : 13-14 Atlanta : 13 Augers : 78 Augustan Rome : 464 Augustine : 404 Augustus : 11, 92 Australia-Primitive races of : 134 Austus : 10 Avarna(s) : 165 Avarna Castes : 165-69 Avarna Hindus : 112, 165 Ayodhya : 204 Azil of Mhapse : 96 Babylon : 135-36 Bachuma : 379 Backward Classes : 229, 243-44, 267 Badhatau (caste) : 147-48 Bahama Island : 80 Bahiskrit Hitakarini Sabha : 140 Bahyas (Varna) : 73, 100, 169, 277, 280 Barnes, Prof. : 170 Balais : 48-49, 281-83 Balfour, Lord : 371, 411 Balmikis : 419 Baneanes : 149-50 Baptist Mission : 429 Barbarism : 135 Bardoli Programme : 295-96, 299, 303-04, 319. Barlo, Sir George : 465 Barons of England : 345 Barrow, Mr : 9 Batavian Republic : 5 Begar (Forced Labour) : 54-56 Bellary District Harijan Advisory Board : 36. INDEX