Vol. 6 · pages 271–275

256 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES 3. Public Health and Sanitation and Vital Statistics ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature in respect of infectious and contagious diseases to such extent as may be declared by any Act of the Indian Legislature. 4. Pilgrims within British India. 5. Education, provided that— (a) The following subjects shall be excluded, viz.: (i) The Benares Hindu University, and Aligarh Muslim University, and such other universities constituted after the commencement of these rules, as may be declared by the Governor-General in Council to be Central subjects, and (ii) Chiefs’ Colleges and any institution maintained by the Governor-General in Council for the benefit of members of His Majesty’s Forces or of other public servants or of the children of such members of servants; and (b) the following subjects shall be subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature, namely: (i) The control of the establishment, and the regulation of the constitutions and functions, of universities constituted after the commencement of these rules ; and (ii) The definition of the jurisdiction of any university outside the Province in which it is situated, and (iii) For a period of five years from the date of the commencement of these rules, the Calcutta University, and the control and organization of secondary education in the presidency of Bengal. 6. Public Works included under the following heads, namely : (a) Construction and maintenance of provincial buildings used or intended for any purpose in connection with the administration of the Province ; and care of historical monuments, with the exception of ancient monuments as defined in Section 2(i) of the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904, which are for the time being declared to be protected monuments under Section 3(i) of that Act; provided that the Governor-General in Council may by notification in the Gazette of India, remove any such monuments from the operation of this exception ;

257 THE NATURE OF THE CHANGE (b) roads, bridges, ferries, tunnels, ropeways, and causeways, and other means of communication, subject to such conditions as regards control over construction and maintenance of means of communication declared by the Governor-General in Council to be of military importance, and as regards incidence of special expenditure connected therewith, as the GovernorGeneral in Council may prescribe ; ( c) tramways within municipal areas ; and (d) light and feeder railways and extra-municipal tramways in so far as provision for their construction and management is made by provincial legislation ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature in the case of any such railway or tramway which is in physical connection with a main line or is built on the same gauge as an adjacent main line. 7. Water Supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power; subject to legislation by. the Indian Legislature with regard to matters of inter-provincial concern or affecting the relations of a Province with any other territory. 8. Land Revenue administration, as described under the following heads, namely: (a) Assessment and collection of land revenue ; (b) Maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes, records of right; ( c) Laws regarding land tenures, relations of landlords and tenants, collection of rents ; (d) Courts of wards, incumbered and attached estates ; ( e) Land improvement and agricultural loans ; ( f) Colonization and disposal of Crown lands and alienation of land revenue ; and (g) Management of Government estates. 9. Famine relief 10. Agriculture, including research institutes, experimental and demonstration farms, introduction of improved methods, provision for agricultural education, protection against destructive insects and pests and prevention of plant diseases ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature in respect of destructive insects and pests and plant diseases, to such extent as may be declared by any Act of the Indian Legislature.

258 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES 11. Civil Veterinary Department, including provision for veterinary training, improvement of stock, and prevention of animal diseases ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature in respect to animal diseases to such extent as may be declared by any Act of the Indian Legislature. 12. Fisheries. 13. Co-operative Societies. 14. Forests, including preservation of game therein ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards disforestation of reserved forests. 15. Land acquisition ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 16. Excise, that is to say, the control of production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase and sale of alcoholic liquor and intoxicating drugs, and the levying of Excise duties and licence fees on or in relation to such articles, but excluding in the case of opium, control of cultivation, manufacture and sale for export. 17. Administration of Justice, including constitution, powers, maintenance and organization of courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction within the Province ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards High Courts, Chief Courts, and Courts of Judicial Commissioners, and any courts of criminal jurisdiction. 18. Provincial Law Reports. 19. Administrators-General and Official Trustees ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 20. Non-Judicial Stamps, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature, and Judicial Stamps, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards amount of court fees levied in relation to suits and proceedings in the High Courts under their original jurisdiction. 21. Registration of deeds and documents; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 22. Registration of births, deaths, and marriages ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature for such classes as the Indian Legislature may determine. 23. Religious and Charitable endowments.

259 THE NATURE OF THE CHANGE 24. Development of Mineral resources which are Government property ; subject to rules made or sanctioned by the Secretary of State, but not including the regulation of mines. 25. Development of industries, including industrial research and technical education. 26. Industrial matters included under the following heads, namely:— (a) Factories; (b) Settlement of labour disputes ; ( c) Electricity; (d) Boilers; ( e) Gas; ( f) Smoke nuisance ; and (g) Welfare of labour, including provident funds, industrial insurance (general health and accident) and housing : subject as to heads (a), (b), (c), (d), and (g) to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 27. Stores and Stationery ; subject in the case of imported stores and stationery to such rules as may be prescribed by the Secretary of State in Council. 28. Adulteration of food-stuffs and other articles ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards import and export trade. 29. Weights and Measures ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards standard. 30. Ports, except such ports as may be declared by rule made by the Governor-General in Council or by or under Indian legislation to be major ports. 31. Inland Waterways; including shipping and navigation thereon so far as not declared by the Governor-General in Council to be Central subjects, but subject as regards inland steam-vessels to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 32. Police; including railway police ; subject in the case of railway police to such conditions as regards limits of jurisdiction and railway contributions to cost of maintenance as the Governor-General in Council may determine : (a) Regulation of betting and gambling ; (b) prevention of cruelty to animals ;

260 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES ( c) protection of wild birds and animals ; (d) control of poisons, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature ; ( e) control of motor vehicles, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature as regards licences valid throughout British India; and (f) control of dramatic performances and cinematographs, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature in regard to sanction of films for exhibition. 34. Control of Newspapers, Books, and Printing Presses ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 35. Coroners. 36. Excluded Areas. 37. Criminal tribes ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 38. European vagrancy ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 39. Prisons ; prisoners (except State prisoners) and reformatories ; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 40. Pounds and prevention of cattle trespass. 41. Treasure Trove. 42. Libraries (except the Imperial Library) and Museums (except the Indian Museum, the Imperial War Museum and the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta) and Zoological Gardens. 43. Provincial Government Presses. 44. Elections for Indian and provincial legislature, subject to rules framed under section 64 (i) and 72A (4) of the Act. 45. Regulations of medical and other professional qualifications and standards; subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature. 46. Local Fund audit, that is to say, the audit by Government agency of income and expenditure controlled by local bodies. 47. Control as defined by rule 10, of members of allIndia and Provincial Services serving within the Province, and control, subject to legislation by the Indian Legislature, of public services within the province, other than all-India services. 48. Sources of Provincial revenue, not included under previous heads, whether—