Vol. 8 · pages 491–495

466 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XXI MINORITY REPRESENTATION UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1935 IN PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURES I. LOWER HOUSE PROVINCE. Total Seats. Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Seats Allotted under the Act. Seats due according to Population. Excess + or Deficit – Seats Allotted under the Act. Seats due according to Population. Excess + or Deficit – Seats Allotted under the Act. Seats due according to Population. Excess + or Deficit – Seats Allotted under the Act. Seats due according to Population. Excess + or Deficit – Madras … … 215 29 17 +12 30 35 –5 9 9 … Nil Nil … Bombay … … 175 30 16 + 14 15 16 –1 3 3 … Nil Nil … Bengal … … … 250 119 137 –18 30 33 –3 3 Nil +3 Nil Nil … U. P. … … … 228 66 35 +31 20 49 –29 2 Nil +2 Nil 1 –1 Punjab … … … 175 86 100 –14 8 8 ... 2 3 -1 32 23 +9 Bihar … … … 152 40 20 +20 15 20 –5 1 Nil + 1 Nil Nil … C.P. & Berar … … 112 14 5 +9 20 20 … Nil Nil … Nil Nil … Assam … … … 108 34 36 –2 7 7 … 1 Nil + 1 Nil Nil … N.-W.F.P. … … 50 36 46 –10 Nil … … Nil Nil … 3 1 +2 Orissa … … … 60 4 I +3 6 9 –3 1 Nil + 1 Nil Nil … Sind … … … 60 34 43 –9 Nil 3 –3 Nil Nil … Nil Nil ... Total … 1585 492 456 +36 151 200 –49 22 15 –7 35 25 +10 II. UPPER HOUSE Madras … … 56 7 4 +3 Nil 9 –9 3 2 +1 Nil Nil … Bombay … … 30 5 3 +2 Nil 3 –3 Nil Nil … Nil Nil … Bengal … … … 65 17 36 –19 Nil 8 –8 Nil Nil … Nil Nil … United Provinces ... 60 17 9 +8 Nil 13 –13 Nil Nil … Nil Nil … Bihar … … … 30 4 4 … Nil 4 –4 Nil Nil … Nil Nil … Assam … … … 22 10 7 +3 Nil 1 –1 Nil Nil … Nil Nil … Total ... 263 60 63 –3 Nil 38 –38 3 2 +1 Nil Nil …

467 PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX XXII MINORITY REPRESENTATION UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1935 IN THE CENTRAL LEGISLATURE Total seats for British India. Muslims. Scheduled Castes. Indian Christians. Sikhs. Seats allotted under the Act. Seats due according to population. ([FHVVRUGH¿FLW± Seats allotted under the Act. Seats due according to population. ([FHVVRUGH¿FLW± Seats allotted under the Act. Seats due according to population. ([FHVVRUGH¿FLW± Seats allotted under the Act. Seats due according to population. ([FHVVRUGH¿FLW± I. Lower House .. 250 82 67 +15 19 35 ± 8 3 +5 6 3 +3 II. Upper House .. 150 49 40 +9 6 21 ± Nil 2 ± 4 2 +2

468 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XXIII COMMUNAL REPRESENTATION IN SERVICES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA RESOLUTION* Establishments the 4th July 1934 SECTION I–GENERAL No. F. 14/17-B./33. – In accordance with undertakings given in the Legislative Assembly the Government of India have carefully reviewed the results of the policy followed since 1925 of reserving a certain percentage of direct appointments to Government service for the redress of communal inequalities. It has been represented that though this policy was adopted mainly with the object of securing increased representation for Muslims in the public services, it has failed to secure for them their due share of appointments and it has been contended that this position cannot be remedied unless a fixed percentage of vacancies is reserved for Muslims. In particular, attention has been drawn to the small number of Muslims in the Railway services, even on those railways which run through areas in which Muslims form a high percentage of the total population. The review of the position has shown that these complaints are justified, and the Government of India are satisfied by the enquiries they have made that the instructions regarding recruitment must be revised with a view to improving the position of Muslims in the services. 2. In considering this general question the Government of India have also to take into account the claims of AngloIndians and Domiciled Europeans and of the depressed classes. Anglo-Indians have always held a large percentage of appointments in certain branches of the public service and it has been recognised that, in view of the degree to which the community has been dependent on this employment, steps must be taken to prevent in the new conditions anything in the nature of a rapid displacement of AngloIndians from their existing positions, which might occasion a violent dislocation of the economic structure of the com- * Gazette of India, Part I, July 7, 1934.

469 PAKISTAN : APPENDICES munity. The instructions which follow in regard to the employment of Anglo-Indians and Domiciled Europeans in certain departments are designed to give effect to this policy. 3. In regard to the depressed classes it is common ground that all reasonable steps should be taken to secure for them a fair degree of representation in the public services. The intention of caste Hindus in this respect was formally stated in the Poona Agreement of 1932 and His Majesty’s Government in accepting that agreement took due note of this point. In the present state of general education in these classes the Government of India consider that no useful purpose will be served by reserving for them a definite percentage of vacancies out of the number available for Hindus as a whole, but they hope to ensure that duly qualified candidates from the depressed classes are not deprived of fair opportunities of appointment merely because they cannot succeed in open competition. 4. The Government of India have also considered carefully the position of minority communities other than those mentioned above and are satisfied that the new rules will continue to provide for them, as at present, a reasonable degree of representation in the services. SECTION II—SCOPE OF RULES 5. The Government of India propose to prescribe annual returns in order to enable them to watch the observance of the rules laid down below. 6. The general rules which the Government of India have with the approval of the Secretary of State adopted with the purpose of securing these objects are explained below. They relate only to direct recruitment and not to recruitment by promotion which will continue to be made as at present solely on merit. They apply to the Indian Civil Service, the Central Services, Class I and Class II, and the Subordinate Services under the administrative control of the Government of India with the exception of a few services and posts for which high technical or special qualifications are required, but do not apply to recruitment for these Services in the province of Burma. In regard to the Railways, they apply to all posts other than those of inferior

470 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES servants or labourers on the four State-managed Railways, and the administrations of the Company-managed Railways will be asked to adopt similar rules for the services on these Railways. SECTION III—RULES FOR SERVICES RECRUITED ON AN ALL-INDIA BASIS 7. (1) For the Indian Civil Service and the Central and Subordinate Services to which recruitment is made on an All-India basis, the following rules will be observed:— (i) 25 per cent, of all vacancies to be filled by direct recruitment of Indians, will be reserved for Muslims and 8 1/3 per cent. for other minority communities. (ii) When recruitment is made by open competition, if Muslims or the other minority communities obtain less than these percentages, these percentages will be secured to them by means of nomination; if, however, Muslims obtain more than their reserved percentage in open competition, no reduction will be made in the percentage reserved for other minorities, while if the other minorities obtain more than their reserved percentage in open competition, no reduction will be made in the percentage reserved for Muslims. (iii) If members of the other minority communities obtain less than their reserved percentage in open competition and if duly qualified candidates are not available for nomination, the residue of the 8 1/3 per cent. will be available for Muslims. (iv) The percentage of 8 1/3 reserved for the other minorities will not be distributed among them in any fixed proportion. (v) In all cases a minimum standard of qualification will be imposed and the reservations are subject to this condition. (vi) In order to secure fair representation for the depressed classes duly qualified members of these classes may be nominated to a public service, even though recruitment to that service is being made by competition. Members of these classes, if appointed by nomination, will not count against the percentages reserved in accordance with clause (i) above. (2) For the reasons given in paragraph 2 of this Resolution, the Government of India have paid special attention to the question of Anglo-Indians and Domiciled Europeans in the gazetted posts on the Railways for which recruitment is made on an AllIndia basis. In order to maintain approximately their present representation in these posts the Anglo-Indian and Domiciled