Vol. 16 · pages 686–690

662 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES A2 PRONOUNS Pronouns are words used, to replace nouns or substantives, to avoid repitition. The word Pronoun means “for a noun” or “instead of a noun”. Pronous admit of all genders, as they stand for every person or thing which are in different genders. They are also declined as nouns, with the only difference that there is no Vocative forms. They are classified into various groups by the English Grammarians, but for our purposes, we will restrict to only the important groups, viz :I. (1) Personal Pronouns : (i) First personal – “Amha” vEg (vLen~) (ii) Second personal – “Tumha” rqEg (;q"en~) (m.f.n.) : – Thou, you. (iii) Third personal – “Ta” r (rn~) (m) : when used as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning ‘that’, it is declined differently in three genders. No. (i) and (ii) are declined similarly in all the three genders. (2) Relative Pronouns : Relative Pronouns : - Such as ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘that’, so called because they relate or refer to a noun, which has gone before. These are declined like nouns ending in v (m,n.) or vk (f) with some differences. In the declension of masculine Pronouns, the Nominative and Accusative plural termination is ,; terminations for the Dative and Genitive plural are ,la] ,lkua; while in the singular the following terminations are absent :– vk; of Dative, vk of the Ablative and , of the Locative. In the neuter gender, the pronouns are declined like masculine nouns with slight change in Nominative and Accusative plural their terminations being , or vkfuThe feminine base is formed by adding vk to the masculine base and are declined like d××kkThere are no vocative forms. (3) Demonstrative Pronouns : This, that, those, etc. words used to point out the object or objects to which they refer.

663PALI : DICTIONARY r (that)–declined in these genders with certain changes; addition of prefix b to r gives br (that or this) which is also declined like r. be (this)– II. Some important Pronouns and Pronominal terms : A, An, ,d (in singular it means Everybody, lCcso ‘one’; in plural it means ‘some’) Everyone, lCcs All, lCc] ldy (3) He, lks Another, v××k vij (3) Her, ra (acc.), rLlk (gen.) Both, mHk; (plural only: 3) Him, ra Certain, v××krj (3) His, rLla Each other, v××ke××ka I, vga It, ra Me, ea] eea My, ee eÕga No one, u dksfp [suffix fp (fpr~) added to interrogative pronoun] Other, v××k brj] ij (3) Some, ,dPp [in the singular ,d means ‘one’ or ‘a, an’ in plural it means ‘some’ ‘certain’ (3.)] Somebody, dksfp Somebody else, v××kks dksfp That man, blks [prefix “e” added to lks& nominative singular of r (that) ] That woman, blk That thing, bra These men, bes These women, bek These things, bekfu Their, rsla (m, nt), rkla (f) Them, rs m, rk (f), rkfu (nt) This man, v;a be = This : Nominative forms. This woman, v;a This thing, bea] bna& Nom. Neut, forms of be = This }

664 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES Thee, ra] Roa Thine, ro] rs] rqÕga Those men etc., rs Which (of the two), drj (3), dre Those woman, brk] rk Which, who, dks] fld (from d) ; Those things, brkfu] rkfu Whosoever, ;ks dksfp Us, vEgs Whom, da \ (Nom. Sin. of We, e;a d Neu.) What, fld \ Whose, dLl (d m; nt) Whatsoever, ;a fdf×p You, rqEgs Western, vij Your, rqgkda Eastern, iqCck III. Sentences wherein some of the above listed Pronominals are used. 1. What is the use of water to me ? fld eÕga okfjuk \ A 2. The Buddha tells this story about a monk. bna oRFkqa cq…ks ,da fHkD[kqekjCHk dFksfr A 3. I have three bows. ee rkf.k /uwfu gksfUr A 4. What is the use of medicine to one not diseased ? vC;kf/rLl fld HkstTtsu \ A 5. You bind the cow with a rope. Roa jTtq;k /suqa cU/fl A 6. You throw sugar into the gruel. rqEgs ;kxq;a lD[kja f[kiFk A 7. Good men live together in mutual satisfaction. lIiqfjlk rqfŒò;k v××ke××ka lailfUr A 8. Gold is the best of all metals. lqo..ka lqCcklq /krqlq lsŒòa A 9. Both are degraded by nature; both do not see the duty. mHkks idfr;k pqrk] mHkks /Eea u iLlfUr A 10. He tells me a story. lks eÕga oRFkqa dFk;fr A 11. What is the use of a bow without arrows ? ljsfg fouk fld /uquk\ A 12. We bring fuel and grass from the forest below. vEgs nk:a p fr.ka p vj××kk vkgjke A

665PALI : DICTIONARY 13. They sprinkle the king with water from three conchshells. rs rhfg l…sfg Hkwia fl×pfr A 14. He throws dust in my eye. lks ee pD[kqflLe jta f[kifr A 15. Fie upon that acquisition of fame and wealth, Oh Brahmin, which (implies) a maintenance (livelihood) in degradation and in an impious living. f/jRFkq ra ;lykHka /uykHka p czkª.kA ;k oqfÙk fofuikrsu v/Eepj.ksu ok A 16. The physician wraps your nose with cloth. osTtks ro (rqEga) uRFkqa (ukflda) oRFksu ifyosBsfr A 17. The girls throw dust at one another for amusement. d××kk;ks dsfG;k v××ke××ka jta (/wfly) f[kifUr A 18. You remember the strength of the lord of monkeys. rqEgs okufjUnLl lflÙk vuqLljFk A 19. You strive for the aquisition of wealth. rqEgs /uykHkk; ok;eFk A 20. I wish to go to the garden. mÕ;kuHkwfle xUrqa bPNkfe A 21. You too, O ascetic, plough and sow and eat after ploughing and sowing. Roa¿fi le.k] dlLlq p oIilq p dflRok p ofiRok p Hkq×tlq A 22. May you and your bride live happily. Ro×p ro o/w p lq[ksu oqRFk A 23. There is the father, O Rahula, go and ask for the inheritance. lks rs jkgqy tudks] xPNlq nk;Tta ;kpkfg A 24. Let all things be happy and contended. lCcs lÙkk lqf[krk p lqfgrk p gksUrqA 25. Let us go to the younder mountain and eat jambu fruit. vEgs ifjea iCcra xPNke tEcwfu p [kknke A 26. We shall describe the powers of the former Buddhas. iqCcsla cq…kua vkuqHkkoa vEgs o..ksLlke A 27. Who is your teacher whose Doctrines do you like ? dks rs vkpfj;ks] dLl ok /Eea jkspsfl \ A 28. He is the son of Bindusara. ,lks fcUnqlkjLl iqÙkks A 29. This novice will be the master of this house. v;a lke.ksjks beLl xsgLl lkfedks HkfoLllfr A

666 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES 30. Letters come from all towns on the same day. ,dfnoleso lCcsfg uxjsfg i..kkfu vkxPNfUr A 31. Who is your father ? dks rs tudks \ 32. You will not get anything from me, go to another. rqoa es fldfp u yfHkLlfl ija xPN A 33. Those elders have (got) other pupils. vewla Fksjkua v××ks ek.kodk gksfUr A 34. A certain physician brings the root of a certain tree. v××krjks osTtks dLlfp :D[kLl ewya vkgjfr A 35. I shall live in that cottage. vga rk;a dqfV;a oflLlkfe A 36. This is the chariot in which I shall sit to-morrow. v;ks lks jFkks ;flLe vga Los fulhfnLlkfe A 37. Speak what you like. ;a bPNfl ra czwfg A 38. From what city has the messenger come ? dLek uxjk nwrks vkxrks \ 39. The way of wealth is one and the way of deliverance is another. v×k×kks /uLl eXxks] v×k×kks p eqfÙk;k eFkks A 40. All trees and all the creepers are in blossom in the summer. funk?ks lCcs p :D[kk] lCck p yrk iqfIiQrk gksfUr A 41. See this fruit of faith and character. l…k; lhyLl p bana iQya iLl A 42. This house is mine, that place is yours and the cottage is hers. bna ?kja enh;a] veq iklknks rkodks] lk dqfV p rnh;k A