Vol. 7 · pages 236–240

THE SHUDRAS : INDEX 217 INDEX Acharya—Exclusive right to officiate at Upanayana, 173-74; Qualifications, 173 Aitarcya Brahmana—Manu the progenitor of Indo-Aryans, 29; Disabilities of Shudras under, 42; On Vaishyas’ sacrificial disabilities, 56-57; List of coronations of Kings and officiating priests 123-24 Alpine Race—Traits of, 67-68; Prof. Ripley on, 98-99; Its languages of Aryan Stock, 99 Ambarisha—145 Anulomas—Who are, 199 (and footnote); sec Nishada Apastamba Dharma Sutra—Support to Purusha Sukta, 23; Disabilities of Shudras under; 43, 47, 50-51; On qualifications of Acharya, 173 Arjuna—194-95 Aryan—Race, an invader of India, 65; Type and its traits, 69; Four senses of term, 69; Not a race according to Prof. Max Muller, 69-70; Original home as traceable by common vocabulary, 71-72; Caucasia, not the original home of, 71-72; Mr. Tilak’s theory of Arctic region being home of, 72-74; Evidence against theory of, invasion of India, 74-75; and subjugation of Dasas and Dasyus, 75-76, 86-87; Inseparable from Dasas and Dasyus, 77; Race theory, its failure, 78-79, its Indian votaries, 79-80, meaning of term Varna its mainstay, 80; Of Vedic times had no colour prejudice, 81; Two communities : with and without belief in Chaturvamya, 97, 100; Permitted to make other Aryans slaves, 112-13; Vedic, social organization, 130-31; Rules of Impurity and Adoption, 160-61 Ashwalayan Grihya Sutra—Description of Upanayana ceremony, 156-58 Ashwins—Though Shudras entitled to Soma, 109 Atharva Veda—On five tribes of IndoAryan nation, 31; Its four explanations of the origin of Vamas, 39; When it came to be regarded on par with Rig Veda, 87; Statements from, demarcating Shudra from Arya, 107; Statements from, showing basis of equality between Brahmins and Shudras, 107-108, 207-208 Aupamanyava—Five tribes of IndoAryan nations according to, 30 Avarnas—De jure connotation of, 35-36, Who are, 36 Balaji Avji—His part in Shivaji’s coronation, 177-78, 181-82 Baudhayana—Prescription of Upanayana for Ashwathha tree, 169 Belavalkar, Prof.—Theory of Synchronous composition of Vedic Literature, 138. Benfey, Dr.—Summary of his views on original home of Aryans, 71 Bhagavat Purana—On naming of India as ‘Bharata Bhumi’. 129 Bhandarkar, Dr. D. R.—His view of Rajputs as descendants of foreigners, Gurjars, 179 Bhandarkar Research Institute—collation Sheet for shloka i.e. Paijavana, 116 (footnote)

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES218 Bhishma—On ministers of four Varnas, 112 Bharadwaja Sutra—Reference to Shudra’s right to sacrifice, 108-109 Bharatas—128-30,192-93 Bode, Dastur—Meaning of ‘Varna’ in Indo-Iranian Literature, 83 Bopp, Dr.—Theory of common ancestry of Indo-Aryan and Indo-Germanic languages, 78 Brahmanic—Literature full of legends of creation, 37-41; analysis of legends, 41; Theories about origin of Shudras most unsatisfactory, 6566; Literature, its two ideologies relating to creation, 87-96; Comparison of the two ideologies— sacerdotal and secular, 97; Writers’ invention of false etymologies to suit prevalent meaning of words, 102-03; Forgeries of Purusha Sukta and Smritis, 137-38 Brahmins—Origin of, according to Purusha Sukta, 22; Are Dwijas, 24; Superior to all other classes in status, 26, 32; As savarnas, Dwijas and Traivarnika, 36; Their special rights and privileges against Shudras, 56; Their indifference or apologetic attitude towards disabilities of Shudras, 57; Their Law compared with Roman Law is communal and arbitrary, 63-64; Accept theory of Aryan conquest of India for it establishes their kinship with Europeans, 80; Mentioned as separate Varna sixteen times in Rig Veda, 133; Dispute with Kshatriyas, 148-49; Conflict with Kshatriyas, 140-55; Technique for degrading Shudras: refusal of Upanayana, 156, 208; Exclusive right to officiate at Upanayana, 173-74, 177, 184-85; Penalties on, or performing unauthorised Upanayana, 181, 208; Instances of denial of Upanayana to other Varnas, 175; Vs. Shivaji, 175-78, 178-82; Their thesis: no Kshatriyas exist in Kaliyuga, 176; Alone can determine status of Hindu, 177, 184; Never accepted law of precedents, 179-83; Fifty thousand, receive Dakshina at Shivaji’s coronation, 179-80: Question Kshatriya status of Maharajas of Satara and Kolhapur, 182-84; Degraded Shudra community out of revenge against Shudra kings, 186-89; Enough provocation to, for conflict with Shudras, 189-90: Catalogue of privileges claimed by, 189-90: Challenged by (Shudra) Kshatriyas in their privileges, 190-92 Stories of their reconciliation with Shudras, 192-97 Stories to glorify, 197-98; Conscious of class interests in Rig Vedic times, 202 Brihaspati Dharma Shastra—Disabilities of Shudras under, 48 Brihaspati Smriti—Disabilities of Shudras under, 49 Buddha—And Buddhism, their inability to shake Chaturvarnya, 23 Buhler, Dr.—On Shudras’ eligibility to become Brahmins, 110 Chandala—A Pratiloma, 198; Rights inferior to other Pratilomas, 199; Manu’s laws against, 199; and reasons for their severity, 200 Chhandogya Upanishad—Explanation of origin of Vedas from deities, 33; Describes Rishi Janasruti, author of Rig Vedic Hymns as Shudra, 108 Chaturvarnya—Ideal of Indo Aryan Society, 23; Buddha’s ineffective challenge to, 23; Manu invests, with divinity, 24; Basis of, graded inequality, 26; A political jugglery, 31-33; Later development of, creation of fifth Varna and separtaion of Shudras from Traivamikas, 3536; One Aryan tribe believer in, the other non-believer in, 97; See also, 40-41,80, Varna, Aryan, Shudras, Manu

THE SHUDRAS : INDEX 219 Chitrao Shastri— On list of Sudas’ opponent, 126 (footnote) Chirstians— Emperors, their disabilities under Roman Law, 58-59 Sacraments and Brahmanic Samskaras, 171; Crooke, Mr. Villiam—On Hinduisation of Gurjar tribes into Rajputs for representing Buddhism, 178-79 Das, Mr. A. C.—Identifies Dasas and Dasyus with Shudras of later times, 101 Dasas—And Dasyus, according to Western Scholars: (i) a dark race different from Aryans, (ii) conquered, enslaved and called Shudras by Aryans, 65; Paucity of references to, and Dasyus as enemies of Aryans in Rig Veda, 75; United with Aryans against common enemy, 75, conflict with Aryan’s, religious not racial, 75-76; And Dasyus terms not used in racial sense, 76-77; Their epithet ‘Krishnayoni’ connotes no racial distinction with Aryans, 77; Application of word ‘Varna’ to, in Rig Veda, 83; And Dasyus not distinct from Aryans in race and complexion, 85; And Dasyus as allies of one Aryan community and enemies of the other, 86-87; can be identified with Azi Dahaka of Zend Avesta, 104-05; A civilized people, 105-06; Cannot be identified with Shudras, 106; And Dasyus, their complete disappearance from Post-Vedic literature and absorption by Aryans, 106; Term, occurs five times in Rig Veda in sense of slave, 111 Dasharajna Yuddha—Account of, 124-26; A war between Shudras and non-Shudra Kshatriyas, 20203; See also Sudas. Dasyus— Conflict with Aryans religious not racial, 75-76; Correct interpretation of epithet ‘Mridhravak’ and ‘Anasa’, 76; Distinct from Aryans not by race but by religion, 103-04; Existence of, in all Varnas according to Mahabharata, 104; A contemptuous term used by Indo-Aryans to designate Indo-Iranians, 104; More powerful than Aryans, 105, See also Dasa and Aryan Dharma Sutras— Evidentiary value of their statements on Shudras, 107-08; Their prohibition of Upanayana, Vedic ceremonies and sacrifices and Soma drink to Shudras, 108-09; Evidence against their prohibitions from Brahmanic literature, 109-11 Divodasa—122-23, 128-29 Dongre, Rao Bahadur—Siddhanta Vijaya, 182 (footnote) Egyptian—Cosmogony, 22; Classes in their society, 26 Encylopaedia of Religion And Ethics—22 Fausboll, Dr.—Story of Chyavana, 109 (footnote) Foster, Prof. Michael—On hypothesis, 80 Gagabhat—officiating priest at Shivaji’s coronation, 176; Bought over by huge Dakshina, 179-80; His twists and turns, 181-82; His attempt to prove Kayasthas bastards, 182 Ganganath Jha—Purva Mimamsa, 172 (footnote) Gautama Dharma Sutra— Disabilities of Shudra under, 47,49, 51-52, Enumeration of forty Samskaras from; 170 Geiger—Summary of his views on original home of Aryans, 71 Grant Maddison—Introduction of Aryan language in Europe, 99 (footnote)

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES220 Greeks—Class composition of their society compared with ‘Varna’ system, 26 Griffiths, Dr.—Perturbed over Tritsus being shown Non-Aryans, 129-30 Guha Dr.—On two racial stocks of Indian people and their distribution, 97-98 Harishchandra—141-44 Harivamsha—Explanation of origin of Vedas from eyes, tongue and head of God, 34; Explanation of origin of priests from limbs of God Hari, 34; Studious avoidance of feet as origin of any priest or Veda, 34-35; Story of Trishanku, 141-45; Story of Varna’s conflict with Brahmins, 151-52 Hearn, Mr. W.E.—On rule of establishing nobility among Aryans, 110 High Courts in India—Calcutta decision about Kayasthas of Bihar being Shudras, 162; Allahabad’s non-acceptance of validity of ‘ Calcutta decision, 163; Calcutta (1916 and 1926) decision about Bengal Kayasthas being Shudras, 163; Patna (1926) decision holding Bihar Kayasthas as Kshatriyas, 163-64; Madras (1924) decision holding Marathas as Shudras, 164; Bombay (1928) decision holding five and ninty-six families of Marathas as Kshatriyas, rest as Shudras, 164 : Madras (1927) holding Yadavas as Shudras, 164; Criteria adopted by, in determining Shudras and their relevance, 165; Failure to distinguish between de facto and de jure position of communities relating to Upanayana, 165-66; see also Privy Council India—Designed ‘Bharata Bhumi’ after Vedic and not Daushyanti Bharatas, 128-29 Indo-Aryans— See Manu, Aryan, Chaturvarnya, Atharva Veda, Aupamanyava, Dr. Bopp, Dasas, Dasyus, Dr. Guha, Purusha Sukta Indo-Iranians—Three classes in their Society, 26; Meaning of ‘Varna’ in their literature, 82-85; Identification of Azi Dahaka with Dasa, 104105, see also Dasyu Jabali, Satyakama—His story, and inferences from it, 175 Jaimini—Cites Badari’s contention of Shudra’s right to sacrifice, 108; Spiritual significance of Samskaras according to, 171; His rules in ‘Purva Mimamsa’ about property, sacrifice and Vedic mantras 170-71 Jayaswal, Dr.—Shudra as a minister, 112-13 (footnotes) Jews—Existence of classes in society of, 28; Disabilities under Roman Law, 61; A people not race, 66 Justinian—Enfranchisement of slaves, 60 Kalikapurana—160 (footnote) Kalmashapada—145-46 Kane, Mr.—Identifies Dasas and Dasyus with Shudras of later time, 101; On demarcation line between Aryans and Shudras; see also 102, 156, 158-60, 167,168, 174,190, 201, 202 (footnote) Kathaka Samhita—Disabilities of Shudras under, 42; Statements from, demarcating Shudra from Arya, 107 Katyayana Srauta Sutra—Commentary on, admits Shudra’s eligibility to perform Vedic rites, 109 Kaushitaki Brahmana—On enmity between Sudas and Vasistha spreading to descendants, 151 Kautilya—His reference to Shudras as Aryans in laws of slavery, 110-11

THE SHUDRAS : INDEX 221 Kayastha—Status of, of Bengal and Bihar, 163-64; Status, challenged by Brahmins, 175-85; Reaction to challenge, 177 (see also footnote); Gagabhat’s attempt to prove them bastards, 181-82 Khnumu— The shaper in Egyptian cosmogony, 22 Kinkaid, Mr—On Maratha Sardars’ attitude to Shivaji’s status, 176 (footnote) Kolhapur—Palace priest’s controversy over eligibility of Maharaja to Vedic rites, 183-84 Kritavirya—193-94 Kshatriyas—Origin, according to Purusha Sukta, 22; Are Dvijas, 24; Inferior to Brahmins and superior to other classes in status, 26,32; As Savarnas, Dwijas and Traivarnikas, 36; Though Traivarnikas, their rights against Shudras very negligible, 57; Mention of, nine times as separate Vama in Rig Veda, 133; Conflict with Brahmins, 140-55; Kings conflicting with Brahmins belonged to Shudra tribe and solar line, 155, 187-88; Genealogies of Kings, 190-91; Of solar line superior to Brahmins in prowess and learning, 191-92, Authors of Vedic Hymns, 191; Of Lunar line an imbecile people, 190-91; Stories of their reconciliaton with Brahmins, 192-97; Enmity between Shudra and non-Shudra, 202-03 Kurtakoti—184 (footnote) Lassen—His identification of Shudras with Sodari tribe, 103 Law, Dr. B. C—103 (footnote) Mahabharata—Ideology relating to creation, 92-93, On existence of Dasyus in all Varnas, 104; Shudra invited at coronation of Yudhishthira, 112; On ministers of four Varnas, 112; Collation of stanza referring to Paijavana, 114, 116-17; Nature of its manuscripts and recensions, 115; Results of scrutiny of texts of the stanza, 11718; Story of Kalmashapada, 145-46 and 195-96; Pururavas’ conflict with Brahmins, 152; Bharatas reconciliation with Vasishtha 192; Conflict and reconciliation of Kritavirya with Bhrigus, 193-94, 194-95 with Parshurama, 194-95; Saudasas’ reconciliation with Vasishtha and Brahmins, 196-97; Its statement about Paijavana record of true tradition, 205 Maharashtra Dnyana Kosha— Meaning of Varna, 82 (footnote); Identification of Dasa with Azi Dahaka, 105 (footnote), Appendices I-VI, 210-16 Maitrayani Samhita—Disabilites of Shudras, under, 42; Reference to Shudra’s wealthiness, 112 Manu—On divine origin of four varnas 24-25; On disabilities of Shudras, 43-44,45-55; On Shudras’ eligibility to Brahmindom, 109-10; His injunctions to Brahmins against Shudra Kings, 112; On conflicts between Kings and Brahmins, 15455; Laws against Chandala, 199 Manu—The progenitor of Indo-Aryans, 29 Matsya Purana—On Manu the progenitor of Aryans, 29; List of Kshatriya, authors of Rig Vedic hymns, 191 Mediterranean Race—Traits of, 6768; Facts about, 98 Muir, Dr.—His failure to realize conflicts between Brahmins and Kshatriyas as one between Brahmins and Shudras, 155; see also 30-31, 33-34, 38-41, 56, 87, 88-98, 102, 131, 133-35, 141-42, 145, 14749, 151-54, 187, 190,96 (footnote)