Vol. 8 · pages 441–445

416 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES justified in enforcing the award against such a party ? I see no difficulty in saying that the British Government can with perfect justice proceed to enforce the award against such a party. After all what is the status of a party which refuses to submit its case to arbitration ? The answer is that such a party is an aggressor. How is an aggressor dealt with? By subjecting him to sanctions. Implementing the award of the Board of Arbitration in a constitution against a party which refuses to go to arbitration is simply another name for the process of applying sanctions against an agressor. The British Government need not feel embarrassed in following this process if the contingency should arise. For it is a well recognized process of dealing with such cases and has the imprimatur of the League of Nations which evolved this formula when Mussolini refused to submit to arbitration his dispute with Abyssinia. What I have proposed may not be the answer to the question : What next ? I don’t know what else can be. All I know is that there will be no freedom for India without an answer. It must be decisive, it must be prompt and it must be satisfactory to the parties concerned. zz

LIST OF APPENDICES Pages I— Population of India by Communities ... ... 419 II— Communal distribution of population by Minorities in the Provinces of British India ... ... 420 III— Communal distribution of population by Minorities in the States ... ... ... ... 421 IV— Communal distribution of population in the Punjab by Districts ... ... ... ... 422 V— Communal distribution of population in Bengal by Districts ... ... ... ... 423 VI— Communal distribution of population in Assam by Districts ... ... ... ... 424 VII— Proportion of Muslim population in N. W. F. Province by Districts ... ... ... ... 425 VIII— Proportion of Muslim population in N.-W. F. Province by Towns ... ... ... ... 426 IX— Proportion of Muslim population in Sind by Districts ... ... ... ... 427 X— Proportion of Muslim population in Sind by Towns ... ... ... ... 428 XI— Languages spoken by the Muslims of India ... ... ... ... 429 XII— Address by Muslims to Lord Minto, 1906, and Reply thereto ... ... ... ... 430 XIII— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Lower House in each Provincial Legislature ... ... ... ... 446 XIV— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Upper House in each Provincial Legislature ... ... ... ... 447

418 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES Pages XV— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Lower House of the Federal Legislature for British India by Province and by Community ... ... 448 XVI— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Upper Chamber of the Federal Legislature for British India by Province and by Community ... ... 449 XVII— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for Indian States in the Upper and Lower Houses of the Federal Legislature ... ... ... ... 450 XVIII— Communal Award ... ... ... ... 455 XIX— Supplementary Communal Award ... ... 463 XX— The Poona Pact ... ... ... ... 464 XXI— Comparative Statement of Minority Representation under the Government of India Act, 1935, in the Provincial Legislature ... ... 466 XXII— Comparative Statement of Minority Representation under the Government of India Act, 1935, in the Central Legislature ... ... 467 XXIII— Government of India Resolution of 1934 on Communal Representation of Minorities in the Services ... ... ... ... 468 XXIV— Government of India Resolution of 1943 on Representation of the Scheduled Castes in the Services ... ... ... ... 474 XXV— The Cripps Proposals ... ... ... ... 478 Index ... ... ... ... 481 MAPS 1. Hindu and Muslim areas in the Punjab. 2. Hindu and Muslim areas in Bengal and Assam. 3. British India as divided into Pakistan and Hindustan.

419 PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX I Population of India by Communities Communities British India Indian States and Agencies Total 1. Hindus ... ... ... 150,890,146 55,227,180 206,117,326 2. Muslims ... ... ... 79,398,503 12,659,593 92,058,096 3. Scheduled Castes* ... 39,920,807 8,892,373 48,813,180 4. Tribal ... ... ... 16,713,256 8,728,233 25,441,489 5. Sikhs ... ... ... 4,165,097 1,526,350 5,691,447 6. Christians: (i) Indian Christians ... 1,655,982 1,413,808 3,069,790 (ii) Anglo-Indians ... 113,936 26,486 140,422 (iii) Others ... ... 75,751 7,708 83,459 7. Jains ... ... ... 578,372 870,914 1,449,286 8. Buddhists ... ... ... 167,413 64,590 232,003 9. Parsees ... ... ... 101,968 12,922 114,890 10. Jews ... ... ... 19,327 3,153 22,480 11. Others ... ... ... 371,403 38,474 409,877 Total ... 294,171,961 89,471,784 383,643,745 * This is a statutory designation given to the untouchables by the Government of India Act, 1935. NOTE.—The figures for the Scheduled Castes both for British India and Indian States do not give the correct totals. The figures for Ajmer-Merwara in British India and for Gwalior State are not included in the totals. The Census Reports for 1940 fail to give these figures.

420 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX II COMMUNAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY MINORITIES IN THE PROVINCES OF BRITISH INDIA Provinces Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Population Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage 1. Ajmere-Merwara ... ... 583,693 89,899 15.4 Nil (?) .. 3,895 .8 867 .15 2. Andaman Nicobar ... ... 33,768 8,005 23.7 Nil .. 779 2.3 744 2.2 3. Assam ... ... ... 10,204,733 3,442,479 33.7 676,291 6.6 37,750 .4 3,464 .03 4. British Baluchistan ... ... 501,631 438,930 87.5 5,102 1.0 2,633 .5 11,918 2.3 5. Bengal ... ... ... 60,306,525 33,005,434 54.7 7,878,970 13.0 110,923 .2 16,281 .03 6. Bihar* ... ... ... 36,340,151 4,716,314 12.9 4,840,379 13.3 24,693 .07 13,213 .04 7. Bombay ... ... ... 20,849,840 1,920,368 9.2 1,855,148 8.9 338,812 1.6 8,011 .04 8. Central Provinces & Berar† ... 16,813,584 783,697 4.7 3,051,413 18.1 48,260 .3 14,996 .09 9. Coorg ... ... ... 168,726 14,780 8.8 25,740 15.3 3,309 2.0 Nil .. 10. Delhi ... ... ... 917,939 304,971 33.2 121,693 13.3 10,494 1.1 16,157 1.8 11. Madras ... ... ... 49,341,810 3,896,452 7.9 8,068,492 16.4 2,001,082 4.06 418 .001 12. N.-W. F. P. ... ... 3,038,067 2,788,797 91.8 Nil .. 5,426 .2 57,989 1.9 13. Orissa ... ... ... 8,728,544 146,301 1.7 1,238,171 14.2 26,584 .3 232 .003 14. Punjab ... ... ... 28,418,819 16,217,242 57.0 1,248,635 4.4 486,038 1.7 3,757,401 13.2 15. Panth Piploda ... ... 5,267 251 4.8 918 17.4 216 4.1 Nil .. 16. Sind ... ... ... 4,229,221 3,054,635 72.2 191,634 4.5 13,232 .3 31,011 .7 17. United Provinces @ ... 55,020,617 8,416,308 15.3 11,717,158 21.3 131,327 .2 232,445 .4 Total ... 295,502,935 79,344,863 26.9 40,919,744 13.9 3,245,453 1.0 4,155,147 1.0 * Bihar ... ... ... 28,823,802 4,168,470 14.4 3,919,619 13.6 12,651 .04 3,204 .01 Chota Nagpur ... ... 7,516,349 547,844 7.3 420,760 5.6 12,042 .2 10,009 .1 + C. P. ... ... ... 13,208,718 448,528 3.4 2,359,836 17.9 42,135 .3 12,766 .1 Berar ... ... ... 3,604,866 335,169 9.3 691,577 19.2 6,125 .2 2,230 .05 @ Agra ... ... ... 40,906,147 6,231,062 15.2 8,018,803 19.6 120,549 .3 226,096 .5 Oudh ... ... ... 14,114,470 2,185,246 15.5 3,698,355 26.2 10,778 .08 6,349 .05